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Symptomatic treatment - 3/24/2006
Symptomatic treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not its cause, i.e., its etiology. ...
Iatrogenesis - 3/24/2006
Iatrogenesis is the causation of a state of ill health or adverse effect or complication caused by or resulting from medical treatment. ...
Adverse drug reaction - 3/24/2006
An adverse drug reaction (abbreviated ADR) is a term to describe the unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with the use of medications. ...
Adverse effect (medicine) - 3/24/2006
In medicine, an Adverse effect is an abnormal, harmful, undesired and/or unintended side-effect, although not necessarily unexpected, which is obtained as a result of a therapy or other medical intervention, such as drug/chemotherapy, physical therapy, surgery, medical procedure, use of a medical device, etc. ...
Adverse effects of medical procedures - 3/24/2006
Surgery, of course, may have a number of undesirable or harmful after effects, such as infection, hemorrhage, inflammation, scarring, loss of function, changes in local blood flow, and so on. ...
Adverse effects of drugs - 3/24/2006
Adverse effects can occur as a collateral or side effect of many interventions, but they are particularly important in pharmacology, due to its wider, and sometimes uncontrollable, use by way of self-medication. Thus, responsible drug use becomes an important issue here. ...
Contraindication - 3/24/2006
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that increases the risk involved in using a particular drug, carrying out a medical procedure or engaging in a particular activity. ...
Complication (medicine) - 3/24/2006
Complication, in medicine, is an unfavorable evolution of a disease, a health condition or a medical treatment. ...
Prognosis - 3/24/2006
Prognosis (older Greek p?????s??, modern Greek p?????s? - literally fore-knowing, foreseeing) is a medical term denoting the doctor's prediction of how a patient's disease will progress, and whether there is chance of recovery. ...
Drug interaction - 3/24/2006
Drug interaction is a situation in which two or more separate drugs have been absorbed into the body and their effects are affected by each other, i.e. the effects are increased or decreased, or they produce a new effect that neither produces on its own. ...
Evidence-based medicine - 3/24/2006
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a medical movement based upon the application of the scientific method to medical practice, recognizing that many long-established medical traditions are not yet subjected to adequate scientific scrutiny. ...
History of Evidence-based medicine - 3/24/2006
Professor Archie Cochrane was a Scottish epidemiologist whose book Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services (1972) and subsequent advocacy caused increasing acceptance of the concepts behind evidence-based practice. ...
Criticism of evidence-based medicine - 3/24/2006
Critics of EBM say lack of evidence and lack of benefit are not the same, and that the more data are pooled and aggregated, the more difficult it is to compare the patients in the studies with the patient in front of the doctor, i.e. EBM applies to populations, not necessarily to individuals. ...
Medical algorithm - 3/24/2006
A medical algorithm is any computation, formula, statistical survey, or look-up table, useful in healthcare. ...
Complementary and alternative medicine - 3/24/2006
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM is a common abbreviation in the USA) is a diverse set of medical and health care systems, practices, and products encompassing both complementary medicine and alternative medicine. It is presently not considered to be part of conventional medicine. ...
Contemporary use of alternative medicine - 3/24/2006
The popularity of CAM therapies is great. A survey released in May 2004 by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine focused on who used complementary and alternative medicine, what was used, and why it was used in the United States during 2002. ...
Pharmacology - 3/24/2006
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (f??µa???) meaning drug, and logos (?????) meaning science) is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems. ...
Cosmeceutical - 3/24/2006
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products that are claimed, primarily by those within the cosmetic industry, to have drug-like benefits. ...
Criticism of Cosmeceutical - 3/24/2006
The term "cosmeceutical" is often used in cosmetic advertising, and may be misleading to the consumer. ...
Drug design - 3/24/2006
Drug design is the approach of finding drugs by design, based on what the drug is targeting. ...
Designer drug - 3/24/2006
Designer drug is a term to used to describe psychoactive drugs which are created (or marketed, if they had already existed) to get around existing drug laws by modifying their molecular structures to varying degrees. ...
Bioinformatics - 3/24/2006
Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques from applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, and computer science to solve biological problems. ...
Biomedical informatics - 3/24/2006
Biomedical informatics is a discipline related to Bioinformatics and has its roots in medical informatics or healthcare informatics. ...
Medicare Part D - 3/24/2006
Medicare Part D, part of Medicare (United States), is a prescription drug plan for the elderly and disabled in the USA. ...
Medicaid - 3/24/2006
Medicaid in the United States is a program managed by the states and funded jointly by the states and federal government to provide health insurance for individuals and families with low incomes and resources. ...
Medication - 3/24/2006
A medication is a licenced drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition. ...
Texas Medication Algorithm Project - 3/24/2006
The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP)is a decision-tree medical algorithm, the design of which was based on the expert opinions of mental health specialists. ...
Medical error - 3/24/2006
In the United States medical error is estimated to result in 44,000 to 98,000 unnecessary deaths and 1,000,000 excess injuries each year. ...
Perioperative mortality - 3/24/2006
Perioperative mortality is mortality in relation to surgery, usually taken as death within two weeks of a surgical procedure. ...
Responsible drug use - 3/24/2006
The concept of responsible drug use is that a person can (for recreational, creative, spiritual, or entheogenic purposes) use a drug without it interfering in other parts of one's life and with no risk of danger to oneself or others. ...
Toxicology - 3/24/2006
Toxicology (from the Greek words toxicon and logos) is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. ...
Toxicity - 3/24/2006
Toxicity (from Greek t?????t?ta - poisonousness) is a measure to the degree to which something is toxic or poisonous. ...
Factors influencing toxicity - 3/24/2006
Toxicity of a substance can be affected by many different factors, such as the pathway of administration (is the toxin applied to the skin, inhaled, injected), the time of exposure (a brief encounter or long term), the number of exposures (a single dose or multiple doses over time), the physical form of the toxin (solid, liquid, gas), the genetic makeup of an individual, an individual's overall health, and many others. ...
Biological warfare - 3/24/2006
Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. ...
History of Biological warfare - 3/24/2006
The use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms:
...
The role of public health departments and disease surveillance - 3/24/2006
It is important to note that all of the classical and modern biological weapons organisms are animal diseases, the only exception being smallpox. ...
Homeopathy - 3/24/2006
Homeopathy (also spelled homœopathy or homoeopathy) from the Greek words ?µ????, hómoios (similar) and p????, páthos (suffering), is a controversial system of alternative medicine. ...
Nephrotoxicity - 3/24/2006
Nephrotoxicity is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic substances and medication, on the kidney. ...
Neurotoxicity - 3/24/2006
Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or manmade toxic substances (neurotoxicants) alters the normal activity of the nervous system. ...
Carcinogen - 3/24/2006
In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily, mutagens or teratogens. ...
Mutagen - 3/24/2006
In biology, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is an agent that changes the genetic information (usually DNA) of an organism and thus increases the number of mutations above the natural background level. ...
Teratogenesis - 3/24/2006
Teratogenesis is a medical term from the Greek, literally meaning monster-making, which derives from teratology, the study of the frequency, causation, and development of congenital malformations—misleadingly called birth defects. ...
Common complaints of publicly funded medicine - 3/23/2006
Some of the complaints are mentioned herein ...
Health care in the United States - 3/23/2006
Health care in the United States is provided by many separate legal entities. Current estimations put US health spending at approximately 15% of GDP. ...
Health care in the United States (Who provides it) - 3/23/2006
American health care is provided to patients by a diverse array of entities. ...
Health care in the United States (Who covers it) - 3/23/2006
The default legal situation has always been that the patient must pay out-of-pocket in full for all services rendered, as with any other service industry; this business model is known as "fee-for-service." ...
Canadian and American health care systems compared - 3/23/2006
The comparison of the health care systems of Canada and the United States is of great importance to both nations. ...
Legal entity - 3/23/2006
A legal entity is a legal construct through which the law allows a group of natural persons to act as if it were an individual for certain purposes. ...
Pro bono - 3/23/2006
Pro bono is a phrase derived from Latin meaning "for the good". ...
Healthcare system - 3/23/2006
A healthcare system is the organization by which health care is provided. ...
Healthcare systems models - 3/23/2006
In almost every country with a government health care system a parallel private system is allowed to operate. ...
Emergency Medical Services - 3/23/2006
The Emergency Medical Service system (known by the acronym "EMS" in the USA and Canada) is responsible for providing pre-hospital (or out-of-hospital) care by paramedics, emergency medical technicians (EMT's), and medical first responders (MFRs in US terminology). ...
Healthcare delivery - 3/23/2006
There are many ways of providing healthcare in the modern world. The most common way is face-to-face delivery, where care provider and patient see each other 'in the flesh' so to speak. ...
Health care - 3/23/2006
Health care or healthcare is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions. ...
Healthcare as an industry - 3/23/2006
The healthcare industry includes the delivery of health services by doctors and other allied health providers. ...
Medical and social models of healthcare - 3/23/2006
The more generally accepted view of healthcare is that improvements result from advancements in medical science. ...
Primary health care - 3/23/2006
Primary health care was a new approach to health care that came into existence following an international conference in Alma Ata in 1978 organised by the World Health Organisation and the UNICEF. ...
Essential components of primary health care - 3/23/2006
The Declaration of Alma Ata outlined the 8 essential components of primary health care. ...
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - 3/23/2006
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1996. ...
Health informatics - 3/23/2006
Health informatics or medical informatics is the intersection of information science, medicine and health care. ...
Medical informatics in North America - 3/23/2006
The earliest use of computation for medicine was for dental projects in the 1950's at the United States National Bureau of Standards by Robert Ledley. ...
European health informatics - 3/23/2006
In the United Kingdom, moves towards registration and regulation of those involved in Health Informatics have begun with the formation of the UK Council for Health Informatics Professions (UKCHIP) ...
Australian health informatics - 3/23/2006
Although there are a number of informatics organisations in Australia, ...
EHealth - 3/23/2006
eHealth (also written e-health) is a relatively recent term for health care practice which is supported by electronic processes and communication, some people would argue the term is interchangeable with Health care informatics. ...
Telemedicine - 3/23/2006
The term Telemedicine is the delivery of medicine at a distance. The term is composed of the Greek word te?e (tele) meaning 'far', and medicine. ...
Types of Telemedicine - 3/23/2006
Telemedicine is practised on the basis of two concepts: real time (synchronous) and store-and-forward (asynchronous). ...
Telehealth - 3/23/2006
Telehealth is the delivery of health related services and information via telecommunications technologies. ...
Continuity of Care Record - 3/23/2006
Continuity of Care Record, "CCR" - is a standard specification developed jointly by ASTM, the Massachusetts Medical Society (MMS), the Health Information Management and Systems Society (HIMSS), the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), along with many healthcare IT vendors. ...
Hospital information system - 3/23/2006
A hospital information system (HIS) is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative and clinical aspects of a hospital. ...
Bioinformatics - 3/23/2006
Bioinformatics or computational biology is the use of techniques from applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, and computer science to solve biological problems. ...
Dental informatics - 3/23/2006
Dental informatics is the name given to the application of information technology to dentistry. ...
Nursing informatics - 3/23/2006
Nursing Informatics is a specialty of Health care informatics which deals with the support of nursing by information systems in delivery, documentation, administration and evaluation of patient care and prevention of diseases. ...
Medicine - 3/23/2006
Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining human health or restoring it through the treatment of disease and injury. ...
History of medicine - 3/23/2006
Medicine as it is practiced now is rooted in various traditions, but developed mainly in the late 18th and early 19th century in Germany (Rudolf Virchow) and France (Jean-Martin Charcot, Claude Bernard and others). ...
Practice of medicine - 3/23/2006
The practice of medicine combines both science and art. Science and technology are the evidence base for many clinical problems for the general population at large. ...
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